世界上最远的距离,不是其他所有那些乱七糟的，而是因为一些软件必须用
windows机器，却需要用 emacs org-mode 记笔记和日志。因为有4个工作需要使
用windows，我试了几天各种方法记笔记，有种"够了"的感觉。
我试过在windows下装个emacs,用ftp什么的同步笔记，担心万一同时用两台机器
的时候把两边的笔记分别改了；有人提到用云，我担心哪天发布出去了……最后决
定，从windows远程登录Linux. 就像在本地工作一样，当又看到熟悉的Emacs界面
－好吧，我承认，那就像没有界面一样－我才感觉工作又顺畅起来。
1. ssh，从windows连接到Linux
很久以前远程管理Linux的时候，我们都是用telnet，这也是互联网基本服务之
一。telnet明文传送，由于安全性的原因，ssh (Secure Shell Protocol)逐渐
流行并且变成了标配。
服务端，在Linux一侧，我用的是Ubuntu，安装 ssh server。在GUI界面或dpkg
都可以，略。
客户端，我考虑了putty和SecureCRT。putty是免费的，据评论功能上有个
别，SecureCRT收费。我只使用非常有限的功能，选了putty。我还考虑过用
xwindows，但是考虑到可能更复杂，而且我也并不常在GUI下工作，算了。
putty的配置，我只改了一处：remote character set。默认是 use font
encoding，我改成了 utf-8。因为我的windows是gb2312，Linux是utf-8。
这样，远程登录，ssh正常工作了。如果用vi，现在已经行了。
全屏之下，看起来身临其境一般。
: login as: young
: young@192.168.1.166's password:
: Linux young-laptop 2.6.32-34-generic #77-Ubuntu SMP Tue Sep 13
: 19:40:53 UTC 2011 i686
: GNU/Linux
: Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS
: Welcome to Ubuntu!
: * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
: 多少个 packages can be updated.
: 多少个 updates are security updates.
: New release 'precise' available.
: Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.
: Last login: Fri Sep 14 20:52:29 2012 from 192.168.1.150
: young@young-laptop:~$
2. tmux, 增强的终端
我们把在服务器的键盘上操作称为 console，翻译成控制台；在通过串口 (还有
后来的telnet)远程登录，称作终端。终端是原始的系统管理员操作Unix的手段。
因为其原始，所以后来有了一些增加的工具。
比如gnu有个screen，后来又出了一个tmux，就是专门增加终端体验的。我装
tmux的原因是，希望下次登录的时候能够还看到上次的运行状态，并且懒得为远
程登录单独创造环境变量什么的。
tmux支持session功能。离线之前 detach，再连线的时候 attach 到上次的
session中。用起来挺方便。
tmux还默认支持一个有用的功能：两个人都 attach 到同一个 session 中，可
以看到对方输入的内容。这个用来演示Unix系统管理和编程，是个不错的方法。
比 teamview 或 windows远程桌面 之类更好的地方在于 极低的带宽需求。
没错，QQ也有远程协助的功能。但是我本人不用QQ，所以也不太清楚用起来是什
么感觉。不过，当我最开始知道有的年轻一代为如果没有QQ就没办法截屏的时
候，我非常地震惊。基本工具的使用，已经沦落到这种程度了么。按键
Alt+PrtScreen就可以截当前窗口，PrtScreen可以截当前全屏，截完的结果在剪
贴板里，可以贴到word或画图中，这种技术就是著名的...
80还是90后们说的一个词完美的描述了我的心情：无语。
tmux还支持把屏幕划分为几个pane，还能简单改下布局。不过，我本来就看不清
楚，希望窗口能大一些，这功能试了下就不用了。向眼神好的同学推荐。
我改了呼出tmux的快捷键，默认的是C-b，在emacs中是前一个字符，另一个候
选，也就是更老的screen的快捷键是C-a，在emacs中是当前行首。我改成了
Ctrl-o，默认是插入新行，我通常用回车代替。
: ~ $ cat .tmux.conf
: set -g prefix "C-o"
: unbind C-b
: bind "C-o" send-prefix
3. emacsclient -t
emacs启动比vim慢多了，所以经常被嘲笑。PDP-11启动也挺慢的，坦克也是，非
瑞士军刀类的工具大抵如此。为了应对吧，Emacs有个快速启动的方
法，emacsclient. 需要在emacs上安装插件，具体的步骤网上很多，我不废话
了，参见 google emacsclient 或
[http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/EmacsClient].
emacs这种老派作风的软件，不仅考虑到了启动速度，还为同样老派的终端非GUI
提供支持。emacsclient -t 参数就是专为老一辈没有GUI的穷人设计的。很好
用，基本跟用GUI的差不多，因为我用GUI的时候也基本都是文字。
每次工作完准备睡觉的时候，在emacs中Ctrl-o呼出tmux (此处系统没有任何表
现)，然后按d，执行detach session。然后putty和ssh退不退都没关系。下次工
作的时候，运行putty，ssh连接到Linux机器，然后tmux a，emacsclient就仍然
在上次的位置，已经进入了emacs里。
当然，还需要远程Linux的一个配合，emacsclient需要emacs已经运行了才行。而
我的Linux里的emacs是从来不会退出的。
4. 全键盘支持
emacs使用的时候手基本不用离开基本键，绝无必要离开键盘去够鼠标。同时，
这也需要很多快键捷，而有些快捷键用到了putty或者说终端默认不支持的。
比如说F1,F12,home,end,delete这些。严格的说，它们不是不被支持，而是早期
的规范没有统一，很多终端对于这些键的处理是不同的。还没有等到天下统一，
终端就已经开始退出主流了。
第一步：terminal->keyboard->the functin keys and keyboard，设置为
sco. 这个功能看来不太常用，手册上甚至说，你要是看不懂，那就是你用不着瞎
鼓捣 (原文是：If you don't know what any of this means, you probably
don't need to fiddle with it. )。
这一招我是从emacswiki上学来的。那位牛人给出了所有的功能键在sco终端上对
应的字符序列，同时指出，putty只有sco类型终端才支持所有的功能键。
所以，
第二步：我的.emacs文件里多了些下面这样的内容：
: (define-key input-decode-map "\e[H" [home])
: (define-key input-decode-map "\e[X" [f12])
还有很多，我没有抄下来，都是是对每个功能键和编辑键的定义。上述的牛人列
出了全部，请参见[http://emacswiki.org/emacs/PuTTY#toc].
其中的"\e[H"是最有意思的一段。它就是当你按下home键时，终端接收到的东西。
不是某个单一的键盘"扫描码"，而是经过转义的字符序列。其中"\e"在这里就是
Alt键。即，当home按下，终端接收到的是 Alt [ 同时按下，然后是一个单独的
H。
很巧妙。
不过这个巧妙的道理给我带来了些麻烦。因为序列的第一个字符是 Alt [，而这
个字符在我这里已经被映射成了插入包围选中文字的[]序列，所以无论是用
emacs describe-key，还是在命令行提示符下用 C-v ，还是 cat -v，所有这些
显示我按下的按键序列的方法，都显示出一对方括号，而且看不到Alt。所以，
一连几天都没有捕捉到功能键按下。
后来，我想起来emacs中伟大的帮助。M-x help l。顺便说一句，如果你不知道这
是什么，十有八九你不用不到这个功能。然后我看到了home对应的按键。
剩下的就一目了然了。我禁用了对左中括号的补全，然后终端认识了所有的功能
键。
对了，在功能键不好使用的时候，我已经开始嗑嗑拌拌地远程使用了emacs
org-mode了，用下面这段，是改变笔记里标题级别的：
: (global-set-key (kbd "ESC <right>") 'org-do-demote)
: (global-set-key (kbd "ESC <left>") 'org-do-promote)
: (global-set-key (kbd "ESC <up>" ) 'org-move-subtree-up)
: (global-set-key (kbd "ESC <down>") 'org-move-subtree-down)
即使并不在同一台机器之中，我知道Emacs一直守候，它始终触手可及。远方有
你，心即安定。
--------------------
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